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How Conference USA survived realignment, rebuilt itself and reached a Fiesta Bowl​

Dec 1, 2023; Lynchburg, VA, USA; Liberty Flames quarterback Kaidon Salter (7) holds up the Conference USA MVP trophy after the game against the New Mexico State Aggies at Williams Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Brian Bishop-USA TODAY Sports

By Chris Vannini
Dec 29, 2023

Western Kentucky president Tim Caboni boarded a flight from Dallas to Atlanta following a Conference USA board meeting early on Oct. 18, 2021, knowing something could happen soon. Conference realignment was once again in the air, and CUSA knew it could lose some defectors.
A few days prior, CUSA had sent a letter to the American Athletic Conference about a possible geographic reorganization of the two conferences. The AAC rebuffed the idea, and everyone knew it would likely pull teams from CUSA to replace Cincinnati, Houston and UCF. The frequently-bow-tied Caboni had only been CUSA’s vice chair for a few months. Same went for the chair, North Texas president Neal Smatresk. That was until Caboni’s plane landed.


“I pull Twitter up and see a number of schools are leaving for the American, and I’m no longer the vice chair; I’m the chair,” Caboni recounted. “I texted (commissioner Judy MacLeod), ‘We’ve got some work to do.’”
Over 11 days, CUSA dwindled from 14 members to five. Caboni, needing to look out for WKU’s interests as well, talked with the Mid-American Conference alongside Middle Tennessee. CUSA, founded in 1995, was suddenly on the verge of potential collapse.
Now, two years later, CUSA is finishing arguably the best calendar year in the history of the conference. In the spring, FAU became CUSA’s first men’s Final Four team since 2008. League staff are headed to Phoenix to support the conference’s first New Year’s Six bowl team, as undefeated Liberty faces Oregon in Monday’s Fiesta Bowl. The conference will expand to 11 members by 2025, adding Kennesaw State and Delaware. It’s easier to find on TV and it’s making more money. Left for dead by observers and fans, CUSA is thriving again.
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GO DEEPER
Delaware expected to join CUSA in 2025-26
“We got the sand kicked in our face,” Middle Tennessee athletic director Chris Massaro said. “It makes you have a strong resolve.”
This is how a conference comes back from the brink.
USATSI_22010927-scaled.jpg


Liberty beat New Mexico State in the 2023 Conference USA Championship Game to finish 13-0. (Brian Bishop / USA Today)

The realignment domino effect

The decision by Texas and Oklahoma to join the SEC in the summer of 2021 set off a chain reaction that touched every corner of college sports. The Big 12 added three schools from the AAC, which then looked toward CUSA schools to backfill. The Sun Belt, then at 10 members, considered expansion options as well. No one knew quite what was happening or would happen — except that UAB was highly sought-after.
“One of the schools that was honest all the way through this was UAB,” Massaro said. “They said they were going to chase the American. . . Very open and honest.”
A few hours after that CUSA board meeting on Oct. 18, word leaked that the AAC planned to add Charlotte, FAU, North Texas, Rice, UAB and UTSA. The plan to add six surprised many, including MacLeod. Most industry observers expected two or four. AAC commissioner Mike Aresco admitted earlier this year that the original plan was four, but Charlotte and FAU were added late in the process in case the AAC lost more teams in the future.
go-deeper
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Revamped by realignment, the AAC isn't planning for a drop-off
“That night, I knew I needed to get over everything,” MacLeod said. “I had to get my emotions out of the way. We’ve gotta go.”


On Oct. 21, the AAC made the additions official. Simultaneously, the Sun Belt targeted three CUSA schools — Southern Miss, Marshall and Old Dominion — along with FCS James Madison. On Oct. 22, Southern Miss was the first to go. ODU became the second on Oct. 26. Marshall took a little more time, in part due to a presidential change, but it became the third on Oct. 29.
In eleven days, CUSA had lost almost two-thirds of its membership. It wasn’t over. WKU and Middle Tennessee got into talks with the MAC about joining the league and getting off a sinking ship.
“That creates a sense of panic within everybody, a rapture moment,” Massaro said. “You have to answer your fans. ‘Are we not good enough? Why don’t these leagues want us?’”
MacLeod and the five remaining schools — FIU, Louisiana Tech, MTSU, UTEP and WKU — had to go on the offensive. The commissioner formed a Plan A, B, C, D and so forth. She didn’t expect to get so far down the list so quickly. She barely slept or ate for days. A staffer wrote a message on the whiteboard in her suburban Dallas office.
“TRUST NO ONE!!”
“There’s a sense of, I’m not going to let this go away under my watch,” MacLeod said.

 
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Finding a lifeline
On Oct. 28, The Athletic first reported CUSA’s talks with FBS independents Liberty and New Mexico State as full members and UConn as a football-only member. UConn soon pulled out of the picture, as its fans didn’t like the idea.

CUSA turned to the FCS ranks and on Nov. 5 added Liberty and NMSU, along with FCS schools Jacksonville State and Sam Houston. In Liberty and NMSU, CUSA had found two schools in need of a conference at the exact moment the league needed schools.

“It was a lifeline,” NMSU athletic director Mario Moccia said. “You know that movie Titanic? We got on the door, which was independent football. When Conference USA came around, it was the best thing that could have happened.”

C-USA announces the addition of four new members: Jacksonville State, Liberty, New Mexico State and Sam Houston.

𝗪𝗲𝗹𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲.#TheCUSAWay | https://t.co/gpdTbiA58I pic.twitter.com/OFQPNDcNGA

— Conference USA (@ConferenceUSA) November 5, 2021



MTSU and WKU continued their talks with the MAC. CUSA officials knew MTSU was less enthusiastic about the prospect of leaving than WKU. If it could convince the Blue Raiders to stay, it might be enough.



On Nov. 10, Middle Tennessee announced it would stay in CUSA, citing a southern-based alumni footprint and the stability of the four new additions.

What went unsaid was money. MTSU and the four remaining CUSA schools were set to receive millions in entrance and exit fees from all the change. That money went toward MTSU’s new football building currently under construction and the recent buyout of head coach Rick Stockstill.

WKU still held out hope for the MAC, but the conference wasn’t interested in an odd number of schools.

“If they had offered a spot, we would have accepted it,” WKU athletic director Todd Stewart said. It didn’t come.

With nine schools locked in, CUSA had gotten off the ledge, even if it now looked like a land of misfit toys. Fans of the five remaining schools weren’t enthused.

“We don’t like to use that S-word, that ‘stable’ word,” MacLeod said, “but convincing those two to stay was a big step.”

The drama wasn’t quite done. Marshall, Southern Miss and Old Dominion announced they would leave in 2022, rather than 2023, and came out on top after a month-long court battle with the league. Nearly all of the conference realignment moves sparked by Texas and Oklahoma were completed before the Longhorns and Sooners had even left the Big 12.

Battered and bruised, CUSA moved forward. So began the road back.

Negotiating media rights
Next up was the television deal, and CUSA had a clear objective: Make games easier to watch.

Years of playing on broadcasters like Stadium and Facebook, alongside the primary place of CBS Sports Network, had put CUSA football out of sight and out of mind. Fans constantly complained about how difficult it was to find games.

“We had heard loud and clear from fans,” Caboni said. “Access to our content was really complex and confusing. We needed a media partner. Our viewership was fragmented.”



But working on a TV deal while your league membership is flipping over is not ideal. CUSA partnered with Octagon as its media rights consultant. This was not going to be a typical conversation with media partners. So Octagon broached with CUSA the idea of playing midweek games in October, like the MAC and Sun Belt do in November. Midweek games typically draw more viewership for G5 football on ESPN and CBS Sports Network than crowded Saturdays.

“We needed to figure out how to make Conference USA a more unique value proposition for broadcasters,” said William Mao, a senior vice president in Octagon’s media rights division. “Not just additional inventory.”

MacLeod, associate commissioner Tre Stallings and staff pitched it to members and got positive feedback. CUSA ultimately signed a five-year deal with ESPN and CBS, to begin in fall 2023, with a one-year option. Despite losing nine members, the new deal brought more exposure and more revenue, increasing the per-school payout to around $750,000 annually. Such an increase was also a result of members signing a grant of rights, locking themselves together in the short term. It was the first GOR for a G5 conference, a rare move of stability.

Playing midweek games, sometimes with a five-day turnaround, was tough. But coaches bought in, knowing the exposure and money it would bring to the league. Having support from coaches like Jamey Chadwell (Liberty), Jerry Kill (New Mexico State) and Rich Rodriguez (Jacksonville State) carried weight. For the most part, attendance across the league was unchanged. WKU welcomed midweek tailgating and held a concert before its game against Liberty. They were often the only games on TV.

“The league was all-in on initiatives like that and embraced it,” Moccia said.

When CUSA went through its membership change, school officials expected to make greater strides in men’s basketball than football. Nobody expected what came in spring 2023 before the shift. FAU kept winning. And winning. And winning. All the way to the Final Four, before losing to San Diego State on a buzzer-beater. North Texas also beat UAB in the NIT final, and Charlotte won the CBI. The conference went 18-3 across all three postseason tournaments, two wins from the unofficial triple crown. All four of those teams were set to leave for the AAC, but FAU’s $10 million in NCAA Tournament units over six years would stay with CUSA. A nice extra boost for a conference where every dollar matters.



Florida Atlantic lost to San Diego State in its first-ever trip to the Final Four last season. ( Bob Donnan / USA Today)
Once the realignment moves settled into place this past summer, CUSA found a camaraderie, one it hadn’t had in many years. With four of the nine members being new additions, they took pride in CUSA.



“You had people in the league who were ecstatic to be there,” Moccia said.

None more so than Liberty.
 
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Reassessing Liberty
The Flames had tried to join the league before. The Virginian-Pilot reported in 2017 that Liberty offered to pay as much as $24 million to join the conference, but CUSA presidents weren’t interested for two reasons. One was associating themselves with politically-outspoken and controversial Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr. The other was simply that Liberty had a lot more money than everyone else. The Sun Belt also passed.

But by 2021, Falwell was gone and CUSA was desperate. Liberty still wanted a football home, especially moving into a 12-team playoff era.

“We’d really pursued conference opportunities,” McCaw said. “We spoke with the American, Sun Belt and CUSA and didn’t have an opportunity with the first two. It was a precarious thing. (CUSA) was down to five members. . . We felt like us stepping forward and committing to Conference USA would stabilize things. It was a constructive step.”

Immediately, Liberty fans were happy to take up the mantle. For the first time, a social media fan base stuck up for CUSA online, even before the Flames had joined the league. Massaro pointed to Liberty’s vast financial advantage ($300 million put into facilities in the last seven years) as raising the bar for the conference. It hasn’t had a losing football season since 2005.

Liberty football replaced a departing Hugh Freeze with Coastal Carolina’s Chadwell and his track record of winning as a head coach (and a $4 million average annual salary, quadruple the next-highest CUSA coach). Chadwell continued the winning, and quarterback Kaidon Salter was a perfect fit for his spread option offense. Chadwell has won 44 games over the last four years, but he didn’t expect to be undefeated in year one.

“It’s a surprise,” he told The Athletic before the CUSA Championship Game. “Any time you go in, you believe you’re going to find a way to win, but it takes a while for people to buy into what you’re doing. I thought we had a chance to be solid, being new to the league, you wondered how we’d compare, with all the people we lost and brought in. I don’t want to sound like I’m surprised we’re here, but if you as a coach say you’re going to run the table and have a chance at the New Year’s Six, that’d be lying.”

The first CUSA Championship Game featured undefeated Liberty and a 10-win New Mexico State team that won 31-10 at Auburn a few weeks prior. It was validation of the league’s expansion decisions. Liberty won that Friday night to cap a 13-0 regular season. On Saturday night, Aresco released a statement lobbying for 11-2 SMU to get the New Year’s Six spot. A few hours later, MacLeod released a statement pushing for Liberty.

The Flames got the nod, capping CUSA’s remarkable two-year turnaround.

Liberty is a 16.5-point underdog in the Fiesta Bowl, and Oregon’s stars will play, like quarterback Bo Nix. It’s a tall task. But a year from now, this bid would’ve been a CFP spot. It’s why the Flames wanted in a conference and why CUSA saw a program with vast resources to compete for it.

CUSA will add Kennesaw State next summer and Delaware in summer 2025, both from the FCS. After getting to nine members, the league took its time with expansion, favoring schools with success and infrastructure in place. It wants to get to 12 members. UMass is the top option, but only as an all-sports member, which remains a hurdle to the school’s loyalty of being a founding member of the Atlantic-10 conference.

With a Final Four and Fiesta Bowl in 2023, it’s been a gratifying two-year road back. In November, the DFW chapter of Women In Sports & Events honored MacLeod with its Woman of Inspiration award. Her appointment in 2015 made her the first female FBS commissioner. At the ceremony, she was asked for the biggest challenge she’d worked through. MacLeod blanked, until she looked over at two CUSA staff members and remembered what they’d been through.



Call it repressed memories, call it scar tissue, MacLeod says it was a sign of how they’ve put it behind them. But her office whiteboard still has the same message up: “TRUST NO ONE!!”

“I’m still a person that would like to be able to trust people, but it’s a reminder to not take everything at face value,” she said. “I don’t know why it’s important, but obviously it is, because we haven’t erased it.”

More than one-fifth of all 133 FBS teams have played in CUSA at some point. It’s a league defined by its constant changes.

At least in 2023, it was defined by its wins.

(Top photo: Brian Bishop / USA Today)
 

How Conference USA survived realignment, rebuilt itself and reached a Fiesta Bowl​

Dec 1, 2023; Lynchburg, VA, USA; Liberty Flames quarterback Kaidon Salter (7) holds up the Conference USA MVP trophy after the game against the New Mexico State Aggies at Williams Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Brian Bishop-USA TODAY Sports

By Chris Vannini
Dec 29, 2023

Western Kentucky president Tim Caboni boarded a flight from Dallas to Atlanta following a Conference USA board meeting early on Oct. 18, 2021, knowing something could happen soon. Conference realignment was once again in the air, and CUSA knew it could lose some defectors.
A few days prior, CUSA had sent a letter to the American Athletic Conference about a possible geographic reorganization of the two conferences. The AAC rebuffed the idea, and everyone knew it would likely pull teams from CUSA to replace Cincinnati, Houston and UCF. The frequently-bow-tied Caboni had only been CUSA’s vice chair for a few months. Same went for the chair, North Texas president Neal Smatresk. That was until Caboni’s plane landed.


“I pull Twitter up and see a number of schools are leaving for the American, and I’m no longer the vice chair; I’m the chair,” Caboni recounted. “I texted (commissioner Judy MacLeod), ‘We’ve got some work to do.’”
Over 11 days, CUSA dwindled from 14 members to five. Caboni, needing to look out for WKU’s interests as well, talked with the Mid-American Conference alongside Middle Tennessee. CUSA, founded in 1995, was suddenly on the verge of potential collapse.
Now, two years later, CUSA is finishing arguably the best calendar year in the history of the conference. In the spring, FAU became CUSA’s first men’s Final Four team since 2008. League staff are headed to Phoenix to support the conference’s first New Year’s Six bowl team, as undefeated Liberty faces Oregon in Monday’s Fiesta Bowl. The conference will expand to 11 members by 2025, adding Kennesaw State and Delaware. It’s easier to find on TV and it’s making more money. Left for dead by observers and fans, CUSA is thriving again.
go-deeper
GO DEEPER
Delaware expected to join CUSA in 2025-26
“We got the sand kicked in our face,” Middle Tennessee athletic director Chris Massaro said. “It makes you have a strong resolve.”
This is how a conference comes back from the brink.
USATSI_22010927-scaled.jpg


Liberty beat New Mexico State in the 2023 Conference USA Championship Game to finish 13-0. (Brian Bishop / USA Today)

The realignment domino effect

The decision by Texas and Oklahoma to join the SEC in the summer of 2021 set off a chain reaction that touched every corner of college sports. The Big 12 added three schools from the AAC, which then looked toward CUSA schools to backfill. The Sun Belt, then at 10 members, considered expansion options as well. No one knew quite what was happening or would happen — except that UAB was highly sought-after.
“One of the schools that was honest all the way through this was UAB,” Massaro said. “They said they were going to chase the American. . . Very open and honest.”
A few hours after that CUSA board meeting on Oct. 18, word leaked that the AAC planned to add Charlotte, FAU, North Texas, Rice, UAB and UTSA. The plan to add six surprised many, including MacLeod. Most industry observers expected two or four. AAC commissioner Mike Aresco admitted earlier this year that the original plan was four, but Charlotte and FAU were added late in the process in case the AAC lost more teams in the future.
go-deeper
GO DEEPER
Revamped by realignment, the AAC isn't planning for a drop-off
“That night, I knew I needed to get over everything,” MacLeod said. “I had to get my emotions out of the way. We’ve gotta go.”


On Oct. 21, the AAC made the additions official. Simultaneously, the Sun Belt targeted three CUSA schools — Southern Miss, Marshall and Old Dominion — along with FCS James Madison. On Oct. 22, Southern Miss was the first to go. ODU became the second on Oct. 26. Marshall took a little more time, in part due to a presidential change, but it became the third on Oct. 29.
In eleven days, CUSA had lost almost two-thirds of its membership. It wasn’t over. WKU and Middle Tennessee got into talks with the MAC about joining the league and getting off a sinking ship.
“That creates a sense of panic within everybody, a rapture moment,” Massaro said. “You have to answer your fans. ‘Are we not good enough? Why don’t these leagues want us?’”
MacLeod and the five remaining schools — FIU, Louisiana Tech, MTSU, UTEP and WKU — had to go on the offensive. The commissioner formed a Plan A, B, C, D and so forth. She didn’t expect to get so far down the list so quickly. She barely slept or ate for days. A staffer wrote a message on the whiteboard in her suburban Dallas office.
“TRUST NO ONE!!”
“There’s a sense of, I’m not going to let this go away under my watch,” MacLeod said.

Thank you very much!
 
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